On the software end, a valid physical model utilizes the Forouhi-Bloomer Dispersion Equation for n and k, to analyze raw Reflectance data. The Forouhi-Bloomer (FB) model describes the Refractive Index, n, and the Extinction Coefficient, k, as functions of wavelength, λ, and was derived based on first principles quantum mechanics. The scientific derivations of the FB model were originally published in 1986 and 1988, and a related patent was subsequently granted in 1990.